Muhammad

Abū al-kāsim Muḥamad ibn'Abd Alāh ibn'Abd al-Mutalib ibn Hāšim, also translated as Muhammad, was a man from Mecca who gave Islam with Arabia a uniform religious image. The Muslims and the Bahá'ís believe that he is a messenger and a prophet of God. In addition, almost all Muslims believe that the last prophet God has sent to mankind.

Mohammad was born in 570 in Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula, in early childhood, orphaned and grew up with Abu Talib, uncle on his father's side. Later, he worked as a merchant, even as a shepherd, and married for the first time when he was twenty-five. He had the habit of occasionally retiring for some nights in a cave on the surrounding hills, and thus dedicated himself to prayer in solitude. In his words, at the age of 40 years, he visited Gabriel and received his first revelation from God. Three years after this event, Muhammad began to publicly preach about these revelations and proclaim that "God is alone, That the complete, everywhere" (the literal meaning of the word islām) is the only path (dīn), acceptable to God, and that he himself is the prophet and messenger of God, just as other Islamic prophets were before him.

Mohamed gained some followers right from the start, but he encountered the hostility of some tribes in Mecca. In order to avoid persecution, Muhammad sent some of his supporters to Ethiopia, and then moved to Medina in 622 with his followers from Mecca (then called Jatrib). This event, called Hijra, marks the beginning of an Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri calendar. In Medina, Muhammad joined tribes under the Medina Constitution. After eight years of fighting with the tribe of Mecca, his followers, whose number rose to 10,000, took on Meko in a largely peaceful way. In the city he destroyed pagan idols, and then sent his followers out of the city to destroy all remaining pagan temples in eastern Arabia. In 632, a few months after returning from a festive pilgrimage to Medina, Mohammed fell ill and died. At the time of his death, the majority of the Arabian peninsula went to Islam, so under his leadership, Arabia merged into a single religious communion.

Revelations (known as "Aja", lit. "The Sign of God"), which Mohammed reported until his death, are contained in the verses of the Quran, for Muslims represent the "word of God" and the foundation of their faith. In addition to the Koran, Muslims respect Muhammad's teachings and habits ("sūna") found in the traditions and curriculum vitae of the Prophet and used as a source ("divisions") of Islamic law. Muslims speak of Muhammad and other prophets of Islam with respect and add to it whenever their name is mentioned, "Peace be with him." Medieval Christianity and the past times have been largely negative on Muhammad, and modern history is, in his opinion, much more favorable.

The Islamic tradition says that in 620 Mohammad experienced "Israel and Mi'radz", a miraculous journey in one night, accompanied by the angel Gabriel. In the first part of the journey, Izra would fly to the "furthest" distance between mosques (in Arabic: "Masjid al-Aksa") on a winged stallion ("Burak") from Mecca, which is commonly used by Muslims with the Al-Aksa in Jerusalem. In the second part, called "Mi'radž", Mohammed was supposed to visit heaven and hell and speak with previous prophets such as Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Ibn Isak, author of the first Mohammedan biography, represents this event as a spiritual experience, and later historians, such as Al-Tabari and Ibn Katir, see it as a physical journey.

Some Western Islamic scholars believe that the oldest Muslim tradition understood travel as a journey from the sacred space of Mecca through the heavens to the al-Bayite L-Ma'Murray (the heavenly prototype of Kabe). The later tradition is seen in the journey by Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem.

Muhammad was a middle-aged man, his hair was neither smooth nor curly, he was not reared, he had a white round face, big black eyes and long eyelashes. He walked as if he was going down a slope. He had a "stamp of the prophet" among the blades. He was full of confidence. His face was like a moon. It was more than average, but not excessively high. He had dense, curly hair. They were twinned in separate braids. His hair reached his ears. His enthusiasm was azhar (bright, shiny). Mohammed had a broad forehead, and tiny, long and vaulted eyebrows that did not come together. There was a vein between them, which was strained in anger. The upper part of the nose was hooked, he had a thick beard, a smooth face, a strong mouth, and a broken teeth. His chest grew with a rare coat. His neck was like a door of ivory statues, pure than silver. Muhammad was a coherent, strong posture, with a brittle arm, a flat belly and chest, his chest and shoulders wide.